Includes bibliographical references and index.

Introduction -- Designing strategies for avoiding risk -- How to see gold where others see risk : identify more choices to get the gold -- Three steps to design a low-risk strategy -- Identifying multiple capability configurations -- Designing strategies with low capability risks -- Lowering capability risks with visible and invisible outputs -- Organizations that can benefit from the outcome-to-objectives framework -- The risks in growth and diversification strategy -- When and how to use differentiation entry strategy -- When and how to use a low-price entry strategy -- Strategies to shape markets : products, process, and platform -- Develop multiple migration paths -- Appendix: Enron's incremental descent into bankruptcy : a strategic and organizational guide.